Ричард Льюис

Журнал Bloomberg Businessweek опубликовал слова эксперта одной из крупнейших в мире сервисной корпорации Schlumberger Ричарда Льюиса: «Сланцевые плеи все еще находятся на такой ранней стадии развития, что на них сегодня проводится огромное число экспериментов…» 

NEW TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION, RADIAL DRILLING PETROBEL, FIRST WELL IN EGYPT.

Mohamed Anwar Abdel-Ghany, Samir Siso, Atef Mohamed Hassan, Petrobel-Egypt, Pastura Pierpaolo, Cherri Roberto, eni This paper was presented at the 10th Offshore Mediterranean Conference and Exhibition in Ravenna, Italy, March 23-25, 2011. It was selected for presentation by OMC 2011 Programme Committee following review of information contained in the abstract submitted by the author(s). The Paper as presented at OMC 2011 has not been reviewed by the Programme Committee.

INTRODUCTION
Radial Drilling is a technique that can create several small diameter drains in a relatively short time and is a fast method to rehabilitate and optimize oil and gas wells, through perforates 25-30 mm diameter holes in the casing at selected depths and azimuth and Installed at single or multiple levels drills radials up to 100 meters perpendicular from the main wellbore. RDS technology offers alternative and/or complement to traditional perforating, can support matrix
acidizing, and steam injection technology. Radial drilling can be applied especially in areas where the water flooding is not efficient (low water saturation) and the reservoir water contact is very close.
Radial drilling is a fast method to rehabilitate and optimize oil and gas wells using modified coiled tubing technology through perforates 30-50 mm diameter lateral holes using high pressure fluid, up to 100 meters radially from the well-bore, the Lateral bores can be drilled at single or multiple levels and it creates a borehole by blasting the formation to powder with high pressure fluid and the hole size depends on formation strength, confining strengths and compressive loads fromoverburden and matrix stress, as well as on the speed of penetration of the jet.
THE ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF RADIAL DRILLING
Radial Drilling improve the productivity index (P.I.) of wells by:
· By-passing a possible damaged zone.
· Extending drainage area in productive formations.
· Improving drainage from low permeability, heterogeneous and layered reservoirs.
· Connecting fractures to wellbore in carbonates.
· Improving well geometry in heavy oil application (Both with steam and with cold
production).
Limitations of this technique:
· Difficulties of penetration under a porosity of 3 -4%.
· Maximum working depth about 3000 m.
· Maximum tensile strength 100,000 psi – maximum API grade that can be milled N-80.
· Maximum wellbore inclination 30 degrees and no more than 15 degrees at the zone target
depth/zone of interest
· Bottom Hole Temperature not to exceed 120°C
CASE ONE: WELL 1 (BELAYIM FORMATION):
Belayim formation is a minor zone (fig-7, 8) which has a good potential and high pressure, which
makes it a good candidate for applying Radial drilling technique.
Well 1: it is producing as a commingle from two zones (Belayim+Sidri), the reservoir data (as seen
in table 2) for Belayim formation satisfies all the conditions of radial drilling
(As shown in fig -06) The simulator showed increasing of productivity from 0.78 to 2.92 and
increase in the rate to 120 CM/D declines to 90 CM/D through 7 months and stabilize. The
expected cumulative oil was estimated to be about 300 M BBL after 2 years
RADIAL DRILLING PROCESS FOR WELL 1
6 laterals have been performed in Belayim Formation one lateral 100 m and the other 5 laterals is
50m with a diameter (1-2 inch)
· 3 lat. @ 2275 mMD-20°, 150°, 225°N
· 3 lat. @ 2271 mMD-20°, 150°, 240°N
RADIAL DRILLING PROCESS FOR WELL 2
7 laterals have been performed in sidri formation, 50m length and the depth from 2340m to 2332 m
in with a diameter (1-2 inch)
RADIAL DRILLING PROCESS FOR WELL 3
4 laterals have been performed in sidri formation 50 m with a diameter (1-2 inch)
· 2 lat. @ 2466 mMD-, 115°, 295°N
· 2 lat. @ 2271 mMD-,1.5 turn @ surface
CONCLUSIONS
· The new technology application succeeded from the mechanical point of view as the holes were
drilled successfully.
· Two wells showed an increase in rates, one of them showed a significant improvement that could
be attributed to both high pressure and production enhancement related to radial drilling.
• It is preferable to pass through a consolidated formation to avoid weak sandstone and fines
migration problems

Shale gas: any alternatives to hydraulic fracturing?

Gilles Pijaudier-Cabot / Professor, University of Pau, director, Institute for the sustainable engineering of fossil ressources / January 14th, 2013

Electric fracturing

The second approach is dynamic loading. In statics, the surface of crack created in a material is proportional to the energy transferred to the volume of material that will break. Dynamic loading brings a large amount of energy to a small volume of material. In this volume, there is such an amount of energy, that a large area of cracks will be created. As the loading wave spreads inside the material, it will create fragmentations, thereby connecting the initial and newly created network of cracks. Dynamic loading can be induced for example by explosives placed at the bottom of wells or by electrical impulses, an original technique inspired by tunnel drilling methods. The load applied to the rock in the proximity of the drilling site is a pressure wave generated by an electrical discharge between two electrodes placed in a wellbore filled with water. The amplitude of this wave of pressure can reach up to 200 MPa (2000 times the atmospheric pressure) while its duration is around a hundred of microseconds. This pressure wave will be transmitted to the rock by the fluid inside the wellbore, and will create micro-cracks of decreasing density, according to the distance from the well. Models indicate rock permeability increases only up to several meters from the wellbore. Electric pulse fracturing could facilitate the reactivation of existing cracks by focusing more easily on the concerned rock volumes and avoiding important needs for water. However, the relevance of this process remains to be seen.

Oklahoma Unconventional Resources Forum, December 13, 2011

Hydraulic Fracturing Technologies
Oklahoma Unconventional Resources Forum, December 13, 2011
Randy F. LaFollette Director, Applied Reservoir Technology Baker Hughes Pressure Pumping
  

Делойт и Туш РКСЛ

Санкции — потери для западного нефтесервисного бизнеса

"Григорий Выгон, директор Энергетического центра Московской школы управления Cколково — Разработка российских нетрадиционных запасов станет полигоном для отработки новых технологий в области добычи и нефтесервиса, ведь эти структуры уникальны. Даже обладая опытом и технологиями добычи на сланцевых структурах в Америке, зарубежные компании, в том числе сервисные, столкнутся в России с новыми условиями, и тут их технологические преимущества нивелируются."
"Планы нефтяных компаний будут стимулировать развитие ГРП в России. В зависимости от успеха разработки нетрадиционных и трудноизвлекаемых запасов может даже образоваться дефицит мощностей на рынке ГРП. Пока же, по оценкам наблюдателей, ежегодно объемы работ по ГРП растут как на новых скважинах, так и на тех, которые эксплуатировались ранее без этого. «Уже 5–6 лет все больше таких операций проводится на газовых скважинах с низкопроницаемыми коллекторами, например, на ачимовских отложениях,— отмечает Виталий Докунихин.— Причем в этом последнем случае ГРП осуществляется как при вертикальном, так и при горизонтальном вскрытии продуктивных пластов."
Oil & Gas Journal. №6 июнь 2014.

НОВАТЭК в условиях санкций оказался первым среди российских крупных нефтегазовых

компаний, кто документально прописал 70-процентное использование российской техники и

 материалов в одном из своих проектов. У западных компаний, традиционных лидеров рынка

 сложного нефтесервиса в России, могут возникнуть трудности при участии в тендерах 

НОВАТЭКа, а способных заменить их конкурентов среди российских компаний пока не 

нашлось.

Людмила Подобедова 

Фото: РИА Новости

Подробнее на РБК:

http://top.rbc.ru/business/21/10/2014/544659f7cbb20f7224c16fe4

NOVAS PLAZMA-PULSE TECHNOLOGY

The application of plasma pulsing has a two fold effect. In the near wellbore region, it cleans the completed interval of mechanical and chemical damage caused during construction, completion and production operations. In the far field region, the effect of a plasma-pulse in producing strata lies in the initiation of resonance oscillation, which will in turn enhance oil migration to well systems.

Novas Energy’s plasma pulse streamer tool repeatedly releases pulses of stored energy which translate into resonance oscillations in the reservoir. At the nearly instantaneous discharge, a sudden release of energy generates a phase change in the surrounding fluids and results in the release of a “shock wave” with an initial pressure that exceeds the stratum strength by many times but not high enough to damage wellbore tubulars.

The tool operates to create forced periodic fluctuations of considerable amplitude in the strata that is being treated. The Plasma Pulse streamer tool allows for the “shock wave” to propagate controllably through the completed interval and then radiates outward in the producing strata. The plasma-pulse action creates parametric resonance throughout the well system.

The Plasma Pulse Streamer is an ideal broadband, non-linear exciter. The resonance vibrations created in the productive stratum make it possible to clean existing filtration channels and to create new ones at a distance over 1500 meters from the point of initiation of the plasma pulse action.

In addition to the large-scale action as discussed above, this creation of plasma also allows local problems such as poor well drainage to be resolved as paraffin , asphaltenes, scales and other materials are cleaned away.

This plasma-pulse technology can be applied in vertical, deviated and horizontal wells, with the proper conveyance techniques.

Conventional and unconventional reservoirs

Shale oil energy

Executive summary
• Shale oil (light tight oil) is rapidly emerging as a significant and relatively low cost new
unconventional resource in the US. There is potential for shale oil production to spread
globally over the next couple of decades. If it does, it would revolutionise global energy
markets, providing greater long term energy security at lower cost for many countries.
• Our analysis suggests that global shale oil production has the potential to reach up to
14 million barrels of oil per day by 2035; this amounts to 12% of the world’s total oil supply.
• We estimate that this increase could reduce oil prices in 2035 by around 25%-40% ($83-$100/
barrel in real terms) relative to the current baseline EIA projection of $133/barrel in 2035,
which assumes low levels of shale oil production.
• In turn, we estimate this could increase the level of global GDP in 2035 by around 2.3%-
3.7% (which equates to around $1.7-$2.7 trillion at today’s global GDP values).
• However, the benefits of such oil price reductions will vary significantly by country.
Large net oil importers such as India and Japan might see their GDP boosted by around 4%-7%
by 2035, while the US, China, the Eurozone and the UK might gain by 2%-5% of GDP.
• Conversely, major oil exporters such as Russia and the Middle East could see a significant
worsening of their trade balances by around 4%-10% of GDP in the long run if they fail to
develop their own shale oil resources.
• The potential emergence of shale oil presents major strategic opportunities and challenges
for the oil and gas industry and for governments worldwide. It could also influence
the dynamics of geopolitics as it increases energy independence for many countries
and reduces the influence of OPEC.
• There are significant strategic implications along the value chain. Oil producers, for
example, will have carefully to assess their current portfolios and planned projects
against lower oil price scenarios.
• National and international oil producers will also need to review their business models and
skills in light of the very different demands of producing shale oil onshore rather than
developing complex “frontier” projects on which most operations and new investment
is currently focused.
• Lower than expected oil prices could also create long-term benefits for a wide
range of businesses with products that use oil or oil-related products as inputs
(e.g. petrochemicals and plastics, airlines, road hauliers, automotive manufacturers
and heavy industry more generally).
• The potential environmental consequences of an increase in shale oil production are complex
and appropriate regulation will be needed to meet local and national environmental concerns.
Shale oil could have adverse environmental effects by making alternative lower carbon
transport fuels less attractive, but might also displace production from higher cost and more
environmentally sensitive plays.

Omax

On-Site Frac Engineering

Our clients expect great frac jobs and they tell us they save money through less NPT, fewer screen outs, less chemical & fluids, less water heating and fewer screenouts.

Using state-of-the-art experience in stimulating reservoirs, Omax consultants design on-site hydraulic fracture treatments with an economic optimization process that relates propped fracture length to the corresponding production response. Properly calibrating the hydraulic fracture simulator for the actual treatment fluids and formation properties yields the desired results. We also provides real-time fracture treatment execution services to ensure the design objectives are achieved. On-site fracture treatment execution services include:

• Surface and bottomhole pressure modelling of the treatment
• Screen-out avoidance through on-site, real-time decision making
• Design advice and recommendations
• Fluid, proppant and frac equipment QA/QC
• Frac cost monitoring and optimization - more frac for less cost
• Service company oversight
• Quality reporting/post-project data
• 24-hour operational coverage
• Acid treatments: aicd fracs and matrix accidizing

Besides these on-site services, we offer recommendations for flowback techniques, which promote efficient cleanup of the treatment fluids. This allows the realization of the propped fracture length in order to achieve the desired production response. 

«КОНЕЦ НЕФТЯНОЙ ЭРЫ ЕЩЕ ДАЛЕКО...»
(LE ‘PEAK OIL’ N’EST PLUS VRAIMENT D’ACTUALITÉ...)
Кристоф де Маржери